1. Thuc. 1. 100-101.a. Thuc: "dispute over the markets on the mainland opposite."
2. After the battle of the Eurymedon (c. 465).
3. This is the second major revolt, after Naxos.
4. Hints at Athenian or League control of shipping, trade?
a. Look out for other hints in same direction.
5. Note connection to colony at Ennea Hodoi (later Amphipolis, cf. 4. 102). a. "Ten thousand colonists from their own citizens and from allied states."(Thuc.)
b. Assume the colony was planned before the revolt.
c. Thasos may have objected to the foundation.
d. Inclusion of allies is to ease opposition to crushing Thasos.
6. Turning points.
a. For Thuc., Eurymedon is the end of the Persian threat.
b. Thasos is beginning of Athenian tyranny.
c. Contrast standard modern view: turning point is in 454.
1. Date rests on coincidence with first tribute quota lists.
7. Note the fate of Thasos: indemnity, then tribute.
a. The lists confirm: tribute goes from 3 to 30 T in 443.
b. This must mean indemnity was paid off by then (so Meiggs).
8. Note also the Spartan promise of aid to Thasos (unfulfilled).
a. Odd: Cimon and others at Athens were pro-Spartan.
b. May be suspect: a pattern in the Peloponnesian War.
1. Date: 460's? Inscrip known from early transcription only.2. Erythrae itself is insignificant geopolitically.
a. But useful as an example of Athenian administration.
3. Had trouble with local oligarchs who medized after being expelled.
4. Decree imposes entire constitution upon Erythrae.
a. Includes homicide law, Boule, sacred laws, treason laws.
b. Boule members (120, by lot) swear loyalty oath.
5. Main points:
a. Confirms that Athens tended to impose democracies.
b. Suggests usual political situation in the region.
c. Oligarchs favor Persia, democrats/people favor Athens.
1. Ps-Xen. (Old Oligarch) 3. 13.
d. Pattern repeated at Samos in 441: quote Thuc. 1. 115.
1. Shows confidence of the Athenians in the 450's?2. Evidence for dating: Habron (458) or Antiphon (418)?
1. Alliances with Argos and Thessaly after the Eurymedon.a. Shows that Persia was no longer a threat? League raison d'etre gone?
b. So many, because these are both Medizers.
c. Disagree.
2. Alliance with Megara and capture of Naupactus.
a. Both increase Athenian access to Corinthian gulf.
3. Athenians under Cimon go to help Sparta with the Messenians.
4. Origin of Athenian-Corinthian enmity (Thuc. 1. 103).
5. 1st Peloponnesian War.
a. Hostility with Sparta results from quarrel at Ithome.
b. Ostracism of Cimon sets up victory of Perikles.
c. Athens fought aggressively at first, with League support.
d. Aegina fell c. 458/7, forced into the League.
e. 452, war peters out with Cimon recalled to negotiate peace.
f. Plutarch says Pericles did this, putting public good 1st.
g. Is it because of crisis in the League?
1. 2nd Sacred War, 447a. Athenians and Spartan intervene (successively) at Delphi.
b. Significance: antagonism, but desire to avoid open conflict.
2. Athenian dream of land empire crumbles.
a. Defeat at Koroneia, 447/6; Athens loses most of Boiotia.
b. Revolts of Euboia and Megara.
1. Note politicization by Thuc., 1. 113.
2. Same as in revolt of Samos.
3. Not to be lightly dismissed.
c. Spartan intervention begins, then avoided by diplomacy.
d. Euboia revolt was crushed.
3. 446, 30 years peace of Athenian & Peloponnesian Leagues.
a. Athens not from a position of strength?
b. Gives up Nisaea, Pegae, Troezen, Achaea.
c. Confirms Sparta as land power, Athens as sea power.
d. Subsequent expenditures on building show it was expected to last.
1. Many see the League turning harsher, more imperial now. Why?2. Thucydides and Diodorus largely ignore this period.
3. Scraps from other sources make a patchwork.
4. The Congress Decree (Plut. Perikles 15).
a. Invites all Greeks to meet to consider regional security.
b. Temple building also on the agenda.
c. Sparta refuses to attend.
d. Congress does not meet; temple building commences.
5. Athenian Tightening Up in Thrace
a. Colony at Brea (Fornara 100).
b. Perikles' expedition, Plut. Per. 19.
b. Chersonese payment goes way down:
1. 18 T to 3T.
6. The Coinage Decree (Fornara 97) date to c. 446
a. Copies in all major imperial cities.
b. Orders everyone to use Athenian money.
c. Allies are to convert their money at Athens.
d. Looks like a way to force trade through Athens, facilitate control of shipping.
e. Plus it had huge symbolic value.